[whip]

it's interesting then because homer states in 10-6-A that "it is the flattest normal plane that will still allow the right forearm to be on plane during impact this produces a very flat angle of attack with reduced backspin and should be avoided for short shots unless it is also part of your full stroke pattern." he's suggesting that ideal impact conditions for the short game would be on a steeper plane, a player that i learned the short game from taught me to play all short game shots with the heel of the club never touching the ground, the club resting on the toe, a much steeper plane for the short game then for other shots, one to ensure the heel of the club did not interfere and two to increase height and point the face more straight as you will find a flatly soled perpendicular leading edge wedge shot will hit shots consistently to the left with most modern wedges, however i have found the dave pelz wedges to always aim dead straight when the leading edge is perpendicular to the target line and flatly soled.