[Max Impact]

O.K., so if you hold your left arm out, inclined, and hold your left hand/wrist vertical, and swing your arm back, and then swing back through the impact zone, keeping the arm on the inclined plane, then if the hand/wrist stays square/vertical to the inclined plane, then this is angled hinging? Obviously, the hand represents the clubface. And to fairly evaluate the hinge action of the arm itself, then the wrist should not rotate (pronate/supinate) independently. Here's my "issue". The left arm doesn't naturally swing on an inclined plane without rolling. So to produce angled hinging with no wrist rotation, the left arm would have to be consciously rolled in reverse to offset the natural roll. Or adding the wrist, the wrist would have to be reverse-rolled. Why would we even recognize that as an option since it is so "un-natural"?

Now you can easily produce swing of the shaft on an inclined plane with no clubface roll using only the wrist... ideally with a strong grip. But as soon as arm swing and body rotation is added, there "should" be clubface rotation on the plane.

My understanding of clubface roll on the plane is gleaned primarily from "Search For The Perfect Swing", which explains that about 60* of clubface rotation in the backswing occurs naturally from the arm swing and shoulder turn. 30* of independent wrist roll added will rotate the clubface to the "traditional" parallel to the plane position at the top. But that can be partially or totally eliminated at the option of the player. Either way, the clubface will need to rotate on the plane to return to vertical at impact, and as a result, will continue to rotate on the plane after impact. With less wrist roll, the rate of clubface roll is slowed. These scenarios, I assume, are horizontal hinging.

Now I really do want to fully understand TGM hinge action and how I can add to my understanding of the "normal" possibilities. What am I missing? And how in the world do you produce vertical hinging?