[O.B.Left]

O.K., so if you hold your left arm out, inclined, and hold your left hand/wrist vertical, and swing your arm back, and then swing back through the impact zone, keeping the arm on the inclined plane, then if the hand/wrist stays square/vertical to the inclined plane, then this is angled hinging? Obviously, the hand represents the clubface. And to fairly evaluate the hinge action of the arm itself, then the wrist should not rotate (pronate/supinate) independently. Here's my "issue". The left arm doesn't naturally swing on an inclined plane without rolling. So to produce angled hinging with no wrist rotation, the left arm would have to be consciously rolled in reverse to offset the natural roll. Or adding the wrist, the wrist would have to be reverse-rolled. Why would we even recognize that as an option since it is so "un-natural"?

Hey Max welcome to LBG

Yes I can see your point. But what happens when you swing the right arm? Id suggest its different, that it tends to not roll, "naturally". And so you have different hinge actions associated "naturally" with the left and right side dominated actions.

Why would you do this? It is a natural product of Hitting which can be compensated for at address by slightly closing the face to offset the slip and lost compression. Also Angled Hinging approaches Horizontal Hinging in characteristics as the plane angle approaches Horizontal. And vice versa as it approaches a truly vertical plane.

The 60/30 degree relationship you referenced is very limiting. While in the mechanical model of 1-L the hinge is mounted at the left shoulder you could recreate the three (basic) hinge actions entirely with just the hands or just the arms or just the body. (with some limitations, dual horizontal for instance) So theres a number of possible combinations available. Not all ideal mind you but ........Hinge Actions can be accomplished by any of the "Three Zones". If you're extremely stiff for instance and have a dead pivot you'll get it done with just the arms and hands .......the old man swing.

Another thing to consider is that given any angle at the left hand and club (#3 accumulator, gripping it under the heal pad) the roll you mention will add to the clubheads velocity. Reverse roll will do the opposite and angled neither add nor subtract. So not only is the balls behaviour affected by the variation in layback vs closing but its also affected by the associated changes in clubhead speed inherent in the different hinge actions.